Results for 'Algot Henrik Leonard Ruhe'

962 found
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  1.  6
    Henri Bergson.Algot Henrik Leonard Ruhe - 1914 - Stockholm,: Wahlström & Widstrand. Edited by Nancy Margaret Paul.
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  2. Understanding Artificial Agency.Leonard Dung - forthcoming - Philosophical Quarterly.
    Which artificial intelligence (AI) systems are agents? To answer this question, I propose a multidimensional account of agency. According to this account, a system's agency profile is jointly determined by its level of goal-directedness and autonomy as well as is abilities for directly impacting the surrounding world, long-term planning and acting for reasons. Rooted in extant theories of agency, this account enables fine-grained, nuanced comparative characterizations of artificial agency. I show that this account has multiple important virtues and is more (...)
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  3. Preserving the Normative Significance of Sentience.Leonard Dung - 2024 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 31 (1):8-30.
    According to an orthodox view, the capacity for conscious experience (sentience) is relevant to the distribution of moral status and value. However, physicalism about consciousness might threaten the normative relevance of sentience. According to the indeterminacy argument, sentience is metaphysically indeterminate while indeterminacy of sentience is incompatible with its normative relevance. According to the introspective argument (by François Kammerer), the unreliability of our conscious introspection undercuts the justification for belief in the normative relevance of consciousness. I defend the normative relevance (...)
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  4. Chinese and Westerners Respond Differently to the Trolley Dilemmas.Henrik Ahlenius & Torbjörn Tännsjö - 2012 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 12 (3-4):195-201.
    A set of moral problems known as The Trolley Dilemmas was presented to 3000 randomly selected inhabitants of the USA, Russia and China. It is shown that Chinese are significantly less prone to support utility-maximizing alternatives, as compared to the US and Russian respondents. A number of possible explanations, as well as methodological issues pertaining to the field of surveying moral judgment and moral disagreement, are discussed.
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  5.  58
    Pragmatism and Experimental Bioethics.Henrik Rydenfelt - 2024 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 33 (2):174-184.
    Pragmatism gained considerable attention in bioethical discussions in the early 21st century. However, some dimensions and contributions of pragmatism to bioethics remain underexplored in both research and practice. It is argued that pragmatism can make a distinctive contribution to bioethics through its concept, developed by Charles S. Peirce and John Dewey, that ethical issues can be resolved through experimental inquiry. Dewey’s proposal that policies can be confirmed or disconfirmed through experimentation is developed by comparing it to the confirmation of scientific (...)
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  6.  11
    Liberalism.Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse - 1964 - New York: Oup Usa.
    INTRODUCTION When Liberalism was first published in 1911 a critical reviewer in the London Spectator observed, "It would be impossible to have the essential ...
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  7.  77
    Rethinking the history of skepticism: the missing medieval background.Henrik Lagerlund (ed.) - 2010 - Boston: Brill.
    This book aims at beginning the rewriting of the history of skepticism by highlightening the medieval sources of the modern skeptical discussions.
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  8. Necro-Being: An Actuarial Account of Racism.Leonard Harris - 2018 - Res Philosophica 95 (2):273-302.
    I argue that racism is a form of necro-being entrapped in necro-tragedy. Necro-being, as I present it, is a condition that kills and prevents persons from being born. I defend a conception of tragedy: absolute necrotragedy; absolute irredeemable suffering in a non-moral universe. Explanations of racism are commonly subject to anomalies, for example, volitional accounts offer special desiderata to account for institutional racism; conversely for institutional accounts. I offer a way to see racism, given the existence of a vast array (...)
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  9. Current cases of AI misalignment and their implications for future risks.Leonard Dung - 2023 - Synthese 202 (5):1-23.
    How can one build AI systems such that they pursue the goals their designers want them to pursue? This is the alignment problem. Numerous authors have raised concerns that, as research advances and systems become more powerful over time, misalignment might lead to catastrophic outcomes, perhaps even to the extinction or permanent disempowerment of humanity. In this paper, I analyze the severity of this risk based on current instances of misalignment. More specifically, I argue that contemporary large language models and (...)
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  10.  78
    Resilience as a Unifying Concept.Henrik Thorén - 2014 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 28 (3):303-324.
    In sustainability research and elsewhere, the notion of resilience is attracting growing interest and causing heated debate. Those focusing on resilience often emphasize its potential to bridge, integrate, and unify disciplines. This article attempts to evaluate these claims. Resilience is investigated as it appears in several fields, including materials science, psychology, ecology, and sustainability science. It is argued that two different concepts of resilience are in play: one local, the other global. The former refers to the ability to return to (...)
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  11.  44
    Promises and pitfalls of environmental pragmatism.Henrik Rydenfelt - 2024 - Environmental Values 33 (4):380-393.
    Environmental pragmatism has faced numerous criticisms for relativism and crude instrumentalism as well as for sidestepping the fundamental concerns of environmental ethics. Recently, Andre Santos Campos and Sofia Guedes Vaz have proposed a new ‘method’ of environmental pragmatism, justificatory moral pluralism, with the aim of overcoming these criticisms. It is argued that this new approach is plagued by the traditional concerns. Instead, the pitfalls of pragmatism can be avoided by adopting the central insight of the classical pragmatists that values may (...)
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  12.  81
    Propping Up the Collapsing Principle.Henrik Andersson - 2015 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 18 (3):475-486.
    According to a standard account of incomparability, two value bearers are incomparable if it is false that there holds a positive value relation between them. Due to the vagueness of the comparative predicates it may also be indeterminate as to which relation that holds - for each relation it is neither true nor false that it holds. John Broome has argued that indeterminacy cannot coexist with incomparability and since there seems to exist indeterminacy there cannot exist incomparability. At the core (...)
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  13.  21
    The unconscious pursuit of emotion regulation: Implications for psychological health.Henrik Hopp, Allison S. Troy & Iris B. Mauss - 2011 - Cognition and Emotion 25 (3):532-545.
    Because of the central involvement of emotion regulation in psychological health and the role that implicit (largely unconscious) processes appear to play in emotion regulation, implicit emotion-regulatory processes should play a vital role in psychological health. We hypothesised that implicitly valuing emotion regulation translates into better psychological health in individuals who use adaptive emotion-regulation strategies. A community sample of 222 individuals (56% women) who had recently experienced a stressful life event completed an implicit measure of emotion regulation valuing (ER-IAT) and (...)
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  14.  17
    The nature of the natural sciences.Leonard Kollender Nash - 1963 - Boston,: Little, Brown.
  15.  65
    Supersubstantivalism and the argument from harmony.Matt Leonard - 2021 - Thought: A Journal of Philosophy 10 (1):53-57.
    The core doctrine of supersubstantivalism is that material objects are identical to their spacetime locations. One powerful consideration for the view is the argument from harmony—supersubstantivalism, it is claimed, is in a position to offer an elegant explanation of a number of platitudes concerning objects and their locations. However, I will argue that identifying material objects with their locations does not provide a satisfying explanation of harmony. What the supersubstantivalist needs is not a theory about the identity of objects, but (...)
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  16.  42
    Introduction to Logic.Leonard Linsky - 1955 - Philosophical Review 64 (2):330.
  17.  72
    The Chronology of Plato's Dialogues.Leonard Brandwood - 1990 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Dr Brandwood's book presents a factual and critical account of the more important of the various attempts that have been made to establish the order of composition of Plato's dialogues by analysing his diction and prose style. Plato's literary activity covered fifty years and there is almost no direct evidence, either external or internal, to help in establishing the relative order of his writings. Until the middle of the nineteenth century people were dependent on personal interpretation of the probable line (...)
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  18. Strong Political Liberalism.Henrik D. Kugelberg - 2024 - Law and Philosophy 43 (4):341-366.
    Public reason liberalism demands that political decisions be publicly justified to the citizens who are subjected to them. Much recent literature emphasises the differences between the two main interpretations of this requirement, justificatory and political liberalism. In this paper, I show that both views share structural democratic deficits. They fail to guarantee political autonomy, the expressive quality of law, and the justification to citizens, because they allow collective decisions made by incompletely theorised agreements. I argue that the result can only (...)
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  19.  73
    This Is Not Sufficient.Leonard Lawlor - 2007 - Symposium: Canadian Journal of Continental Philosophy/Revue canadienne de philosophie continentale 11 (1):79-100.
    Derrida wrote extensively on "the question of the animal." In particular, he challenged Heidegger's, Husserl's, and other philosophers' work on the subject, questioning their phenomenological criteria for distinguishing humans from animals. Examining a range of Derrida's writings, including his most recent _L'animal que donc je suis_, as well as _Aporias_, _Of Spirit_, _Rams_, and _Rogues_, Leonard Lawlor reconstructs a portrait of Derrida's views on animality and their intimate connection to his thinking on ethics, names and singularity, sovereignty, and the (...)
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  20. The Reformers and Their Stepchildren.Leonard Verduin - 1964
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  21. The Unity of Efficient and Final Causality: The Mind/Body Problem Reconsidered.Henrik Lagerlund - 2011 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 19 (4):587 - 603.
    In this paper, I argue that it is in the fourteenth century that the problem of the compatibility or unity of efficient and final causality emerges. William Ockham and John Buridan start to flirt with a mechanized view of nature solely explainable by efficient causality, and they hence push final causality into the human mind and use it to explain for example action, morality and the good. Their argumentation introduces the problem of how to give a unified account of the (...)
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  22.  28
    A History of Skepticism in the Middle Ages.Henrik Lagerlund - 2010 - In Rethinking the history of skepticism: the missing medieval background. Boston: Brill. pp. 103--1.
  23.  32
    Skeptical Issues in Commentaries on Aristotle's Posterior Analytics: John Buridan and Albert of Saxony.Henrik Lagerlund - 2010 - In Rethinking the history of skepticism: the missing medieval background. Boston: Brill. pp. 103--193.
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  24. Neurophilosophy of free will.Henrik Walter - 2001 - In Robert Kane (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Free Will. New York: Oxford University Press.
  25.  20
    The Science-Industry Nexus: History, Policy, Implications - Edited by Karl Grandinl; Nina Wormbs; Sven Widmalm.Henrik Knudsen - 2007 - Centaurus 49 (3):250-251.
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  26.  39
    Emotions and choice from boethius to descartes.Henrik Lagerlund & Mikko Yrjönsuuri (eds.) - 2002 - kluwer.
    The essays in this book give the first comprehensive picture of the medieval development of philosophical theories concerning the nature of emotions and the influence they have on human choice.
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  27. Opaque Grounding and Grounding Reductionism.Henrik Rydéhn - forthcoming - Erkenntnis:1-27.
    This article aims to contribute to the largely neglected issue of whether metaphysical grounding – the relation of one fact’s obtaining in virtue of the obtaining of some other (or others) – can be given a reductive account. I introduce the notion of metaphysically opaque grounding, a form of grounding which constitutes a less metaphysically intimate connection than in standard cases. I then argue that certain important and interesting views in metaphysics are committed to there being cases of opaque grounding (...)
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  28.  43
    Epistemological Problems of Testimony.Nick Leonard - 2023 - In .
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  29.  55
    Abortion, deformed fetuses, and the omega pill.Leonard M. Fleck - 1979 - Philosophical Studies 36 (3):271 - 283.
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  30.  17
    Commentary: Medical Ethics: A Distinctive Species of Ethics.Leonard M. Fleck - 2020 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 29 (3):421-425.
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  31.  19
    Socratic Method and Criticial Philosophy: Selected Essays.Leonard Nelson & Thomas Kite Brown - 1965 - Hassell Street Press.
    This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be (...)
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  32.  35
    Abortion, Artificial Wombs, and the “No Difference” Argument.Leonard Michael Fleck - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (5):94-97.
    De Bie et al. (2023) call attention at the conclusion of their essay to the “novel questions” generated by complete ectogenesis. The question I explore is how complete ectogenesis from conception t...
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  33. Parity and Comparability—a Concern Regarding Chang’s Chaining Argument.Henrik Andersson - 2015 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 19 (1):245-253.
    According to Ruth Chang the three standard positive value relations: “better than”, “worse than” and “equally good” do not fully exhaust the conceptual space for positive value relations. According to her, there is room for a fourth positive value relation, which she calls “parity”. Her argument for parity comes in three parts. First, she argues that there are items that are not related by the standard three value relations. Second, that these items are not incomparable, and third, that the phenomena (...)
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  34.  22
    Peter of Spain.Henrik Lagerlund - 2011 - In H. Lagerlund (ed.), Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Springer. pp. 964--968.
  35.  38
    Sens et textualite.Martine Leonard & Francois Rastier - 1994 - Substance 23 (1):145.
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  36.  26
    Architectures of justice: legal theory and the idea of institutional design.Henrik Palmer Olsen - 2007 - Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate Pub. Co.. Edited by Stuart Toddington.
    The methodology of eunomics -- Means, ends, and the idea of freedom -- The politics of affirmative freedom -- Natural law, sovereignty, and institutional design -- Why pluralism fails a pluralist society -- Obsolescent freedoms.
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  37.  65
    Possible Worlds and the Nature of Choice in Leibniz.Henrik Lagerlund & Peter Myrdal - 2006 - Studia Leibnitiana 38 (2):156 - 176.
    La notion de mondes possibles chez Leibniz est souvent considérée comme un précurseur des théories contemporaines de la sémantique des mondes possibles. Or, cet article vise à montrer que cette lecture de Leibniz est fondamentalement erronée. Leibniz n'a jamais utilisé la notion de mondes possibles pour établir des conditions de vérité pour des phrases modales, mais le rôle de cette notion est strictement théologique, dans le sens où Leibniz l'emploie uniquement pour rendre compte du choix de Dieu dans la création. (...)
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  38. Über das sogenannte erkenntnisproblem.Leonard Nelson - 1908 - Göttingen,: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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  39.  14
    Singular Terms and Vague Concepts in Late Medieval Mental Language Theory.Henrik Lagerlund - 2015 - In Gyula Klima (ed.), Intentionality, Cognition, and Mental Representation in Medieval Philosophy. New York: Fordham University Press. pp. 122-140.
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  40.  13
    Comments on Hesslow's 'What is a Genetic Disease?'.Henrik R. Wulff - 1984 - In Lennart Nordenfelt & B. Ingemar B. Lindahl (eds.), Health, Disease, and Causal Explanations in Medicine. Reidel. pp. 195--197.
  41. Bibliography.Henrik Petersen - 1997 - Philosophy and Social Criticism 23 (6):109-138.
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  42.  12
    Mandatory Reporting as the Basis of Epidemiological Statistics: The Impact of the Reporting Practice and Usage of Paper Technologies on the Informative Content of Morbidity Statistics 1886–1921.Henrik Jochum - 2024 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 32 (1):1-33.
    This article examines the impact of the reporting practice andpaper technologieslike forms on reports that were later used for national morbidity statistics by studying the Swiss reporting system for infectious diseases between 1886 and 1921. Analysing the production processes of notifications shows the difficulties and solutions in the implementation of the statutory reporting process. Two disease outbreaks—a smallpox outbreak in Schaffhausen and a typhoid outbreak in the canton of Lucerne—serve as case studies. It is shown that reports are not only (...)
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  43.  37
    Medieval Scepticism.Henrik Lagerlund - 2022 - Theoria 88 (1):8-12.
    Theoria, Volume 88, Issue 1, Page 8-12, February 2022.
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  44. Universal Moral Standards and the Problem of Cultural Relativism in Hume's ‘A Dialogue’.Henrik Bohlin - 2013 - Philosophy 88 (4):593-606.
    An interpretation and critical re-construction is offered of David Hume's argument on cultural relativism in the essay ‘A Dialogue’. For any issue of moral disagreement, Hume contends, either one side can be shown right and the other wrong, or imprecision in moral principles leaves room for more than one reasonable view, or the disagreement concerns a morally indifferent aesthetic matter, or it is caused by ‘artificial’ moral sentiments. In each case, relativism is the wrong view. Following an analysis of each (...)
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  45.  82
    Philosophical Roots of the One Medicine Movement: An Analysis of Some Relevant Ideas by Rudolf Virchow and Calvin Schwabe with Their Modern Implications.Henrik Lerner - 2013 - Studia Philosophica Estonica 6 (2):97-109.
    During the last decade there has been increasing interest in combining veterinary and human medicine, mainly in the areas of vaccination and the eradication of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. Although the roots of this "One Health-One Medicine" approach can be found in ancient Egypt and Greece, the roots of the philosophy of "one medicine" have not been so thoroughly discussed. In this paper I will analyse some ideas that could unite veterinary and human medicine, from Rudolf Virchow and Calvin W. (...)
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  46.  58
    David Hume.Henrik Bohlin - 2008 - SATS 9 (1):158-160.
  47.  16
    On the kinetic origin of mass.Henrik Broberg & I. B. Skirnervägen - 1993 - Apeiron: Studies in Infinite Nature 1 (15).
  48.  15
    The development of behavior in vertebrates experimentally removed from the influence of external stimulation.Leonard Carmichael - 1926 - Psychological Review 33 (1):51-58.
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  49.  11
    Andrew of Novo Castro, OFM, and the Moral Law.Leonard A. Kennedy Csb - 1988 - Franciscan Studies 48 (1):28-39.
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  50.  20
    Some Lives Matter: The Dirty Little Secret of the U.S. Health Care System.Leonard M. Fleck - 2020 - Hastings Center Report 50 (5):3-4.
    Our health care system in the United States reflects the inequities that are part of the larger society, which is why our system for financing access to needed and effective health care is so complicated and unfair.
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